The Union Budget 2025, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, has introduced several key reforms and allocations. Some sectors have gained significantly, while others remain disappointed. Let's to know about the budget 2025. 
Major Beneficiaries of Budget 2025
1. Middle-Class Taxpayers
- The government has introduced a revised tax slab under the new tax regime.
- Individuals earning up to ₹12 lakh annually will see a reduced tax burden.
- Salaried individuals will benefit from a ₹12.75 lakh standard deduction exemption.
2. Bihar's Development
- Expansion of Patna Airport and the establishment of a Makhanah Board announced.
- A new national-level food processing institute will be set up to boost agri-based industries.
- The West Kosi Canal IRM project has received financial assistance.
3. Agriculture & Farmers
- Farmers can get loan upto ₹5 lakh through The Kisan Credit Card (KCC).
- ₹16 lakh crore allocated for agricultural loans.
- Mango & Cotton Mission launched to boost production.
- Self-reliance drive for pulses over six years to reduce imports.
4. MSMEs & Startups
- Loan guarantee coverage for MSMEs has been expanded.
- A customized credit card scheme for small businesses with a ₹5 lakh limit introduced.
- ₹10,000 crore fund to support innovation and technology startups.
5. Manufacturing & Local Industries
- India aims to become a global toy manufacturing hub.
- Special incentives for small & medium-scale manufacturers.
- Support for domestic production initiatives to boost 'Make in India'.
6. Youth & Education
- AI Excellence Centers will be set up in top engineering institutions.
- Expansion of medical college seats to accommodate more students.
- Focus on skill development programs for the youth.
Who Was Left Disappointed?
1. Indian Railways
- Despite expectations for large-scale modernization, allocations have remained nearly stagnant.
- ₹2.55 lakh crore allocated, slightly lower than last year's ₹2.62 lakh crore.
- This could slow down electrification and expansion projects.
2. Defense Sector
- While national security remains a priority, only a minor increase in defense spending was observed.
- Procurement and R&D investments in defense did not meet industry expectations.
3. Social Welfare & Subsidies
- No major expansion in subsidies for fuel, fertilizers, or food supplies.
- Welfare programs saw only moderate increases, leading to concerns among economically weaker sections.
Final Thoughts
Budget 2025 has prioritized tax relief for the middle class, support for MSMEs, agriculture, and startups, while areas like railway expansion and defense modernization received lower-than-expected allocations. The real impact of these policies will be seen in the coming months as industries and individuals adapt to the new financial landscape.Also Read:
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